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ITER fusion energy project in France completes complex magnet system

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Cadarache (France), July 1 (IANS) After two decades of design, production, fabrication and assembly on three continents, the historic, multinational ITER fusion energy project, to which India is one of the partner nations, on Monday celebrated the completion and delivery of its massive toroidal field coils from Japan and Europe.

Masahito Moriyama, Japan’s Minister of Science and Technology, and Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, Italy’s Minister of Environment and Energy Security, attended the ceremony with officials from other ITER members.

Nineteen gigantic toroidal field coils have been delivered to southern France. They will be key components in ITER, the experimental fusion mega-project that will use magnetic confinement to imitate the process that powers the sun and stars and gives earth light and warmth.

Fusion research is aimed at developing a safe, abundant, and environmentally-responsible energy source.

The ITER is a collaboration of more than 30 partner countries: the European Union, China, Japan, Korea, Russia and the US, besides India. Most of ITER’s funding is in the form of contributed components. This arrangement drives companies like Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, ASG Superconductors, Toshiba Energy Systems, SIMIC, CNIM, and many more to expand their expertise in the cutting-edge technologies needed for fusion.

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The ITER is the first-of-a-kind global collaboration coming up in Saint-Paul-les-Durance, some 35 km north of Aix-en-Provence in southern France.

The D-shaped toroidal field coils will be placed around the ITER vacuum vessel, a donut-shaped chamber called a tokamak. Inside the vessel, light atomic nuclei will be fused together to form heavier ones, releasing enormous energy from the fusion reaction.

The fuel for this fusion reaction is two forms of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium (DT). This fuel will be injected as a gas into the tokamak. By running an electrical current through the gas, it becomes an ionized plasma — the fourth state of matter, a cloud of nuclei and electrons.

The plasma will be heated to 150 million degrees, 10 times hotter than the core of the sun. At this temperature, the velocity of the light atomic nuclei is high enough for them to collide and fuse. To shape, confine, and control this extremely hot plasma, the ITER tokamak must generate an invisible magnetic cage, precisely conformed to the shape of the metal vacuum vessel.

The ITER uses niobium-tin and niobium-titanium as the material for its giant coils. When energized with electricity, the coils become electromagnets. When cooled with liquid helium to minus 269 degrees Celsius (4 kelvin), they become superconducting.

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To create the precise magnetic fields required, ITER employs three different arrays of magnets. The 18 D-shaped toroidal field magnets confine the plasma inside the vessel. The poloidal field magnets, a stacked set of six rings that circle the tokamak horizontally, control the position and shape of the plasma.

At the centre of the tokamak, the cylindrical central solenoid uses a pulse of energy to generate a powerful current in the plasma. At 15 million amperes, ITER’s plasma current will be far more powerful than anything possible in current or previous tokamaks.

Ten coils were manufactured in Europe, under the auspices of ITER’s European Domestic Agency, Fusion for Energy (F4E). Eight coils plus one spare were made in Japan, managed by ITER Japan, part of the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST).

Each completed coil is huge: 17 metres tall and nine metres across, and weighing about 360 tons.

The toroidal field coils will operate together, in effect, as a single magnet: the most powerful magnet ever made.

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They will generate a total magnetic energy of 41 gigajoules. ITER’s magnetic field will be about 250,000 times stronger than that of the earth.

“The completion and delivery of the 19 ITER toroidal field coils is a monumental achievement,” said Pietro Barabaschi, ITER Director-General. “We congratulate the member governments, the ITER domestic agencies, the companies involved, and the many individuals who dedicated countless hours to this remarkable endeavour.”

The plant at ITER will produce about 500 megawatts of thermal power. If operated continuously and connected to the electric grid, that would translate to about 200 megawatts of electric power, enough for about 200,000 homes.

A commercial fusion plant will be designed with a slightly larger plasma chamber, for 10-15 times more electrical power. A 2,000 megawatt fusion power plant, for example, would supply electricity for 2 million homes.

India contributes through the Gujarat-based Institute for Plasma Research by manufacturing major components of the plasma chamber where the fusion reactions are going to take place for the first time in 2025.

Fusion power plants are carbon-free; they release no CO2.

–IANS

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Fire in Sri Lanka kills 2

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Colombo, July 3 (IANS) Two people were killed in a fire that broke out on Wednesday morning in a row of houses where tea plantation workers live in central Sri Lanka, the police said.

Speaking to local media, police spokesman Nihal Thalduwa said the victims were a 60-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman who were living in the first house that caught on fire, Xinhua news agency reported.

The cause of the fire was an electricity leakage, according to the police. Three houses that estate workers live in were destroyed.

Most of Sri Lanka’s estate workers live in housing provided by plantation companies.

The government has allocated 14 billion rupees (about $46 million) for people without homes in the plantations, a minister said in January this year.

–IANS

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Online petitioners calling for South Korean President Yoon's impeachment reach 1 mn

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Seoul, July 3 (IANS) The number of people demanding the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol surpassed the 1 million mark Wednesday on the National Assembly’s petition website.

The petition, calling on the National Assembly to propose a bill on Yoon’s impeachment, gained a daily average of 100,000 signatures over a period of 10 days after it was posted on June 24, Yonhap news agency reported.

Lawmakers of the Democratic Party (DP) backed the petition, saying the number of petition approvals rightfully reflects the public’s views of Yoon.

“The president must change first for the state affairs, now on the verge of a catastrophe, to get back on track,” DP floor leader Park Chan-dae said during a Supreme Council meeting.

During the meeting, Rep. Jung Chung-rae also said the petition is “the people’s voice” demanding the “judgment” of the Yoon administration.

A petition approved by more than 50,000 people within 30 days is referred to a parliamentary subcommittee that reviews petitions under the legislation and judiciary committee, and can be submitted to a plenary session.

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DP spokesperson Kang Yu-jung said the committee and the subcommittee will impartially examine the petition and they would consider holding a hearing or taking other necessary steps, if needed, over the course of the examination.

The ruling People Power Party (PPP) lashed out at the move.

“The DP is abusing the petition as a means of political fighting,” PPP spokesperson Kwak Gyu-taek told reporters, claiming that it is “obvious that there are no grounds” for Yoon’s impeachment.

Amid deepening political strife, the presidential office accused the opposition of trying to railroad contentious bills and pushing for the impeachment of high-ranking officials.

“The DP should immediately stop anti-civilizational attempts to destroy the Constitution and its unheard-of legislative violence and coup d’etat,” a senior presidential official told Yonhap News Agency.

On Tuesday, the DP proposed a motion to impeach four prosecutors, including those involved in corruption investigations into former party leader Lee Jae-myung.

The DP, which holds a controlling majority in parliament, is also pushing to put forth a bill calling for a special counsel probe into the government’s alleged interference with a military probe into a Marine’s death despite opposition by the ruling People Power Party.

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The bill, seen as ultimately aiming to investigate suspicions of Yoon’s interference with the probe, had been vetoed by the president in the previous National Assembly, but the DP proposed it again after the new National Assembly began its term in late May.

–IANS

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Three dead, seven missing in shipwreck in Portugal

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Lisbon, July 3 (IANS) At least three people were killed and seven went missing after a trawler sank in the early hours of Wednesday off the coast of Marinha Grande in Leiria, Portugal.

The Portuguese National Maritime Authority said that seven people have been rescued. Two of the rescued fishermen were in a state of shock and another was in “severe pain,” Xinhua news agency reported.

All those rescued were transported to the nearby Port of Figueira da Foz.

–IANS

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Fast-moving wildfire forces over 13,000 people to evacuate in California

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Los Angeles, July 3 (IANS) Authorities have ordered more than 13,000 people to evacuate amid a fast-moving wildfire that broke out in Northern California.

According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, the Thompson Fire, which erupted near the City of Oroville in Butte County, has already consumed over 2,100 acres (about 8.5 square km) of land as of Tuesday evening, with no containment achieved yet, reported Xinhua news agency.

Mandatory evacuations and evacuation warnings have been issued in part of Butte County due to the wildfire.

Meanwhile, Oroville declared a local emergency Tuesday evening, noting the fire is expected to continue to affect substantial geographic areas within the city for an unknown duration due to extremely high temperatures and high winds.

The fire has caused and is substantially likely to cause extreme conditions, such as power outages, damage to infrastructure, burned trees, slope failures, and structural damage, said Oroville authorities.

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California Governor Gavin Newsom announced that the western US state has secured federal assistance to support the response to the Thompson Fire.

–IANS

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Third wave of devastating floods stalk Bangladesh

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Dhaka, July 3 (IANS) Devastating floods have left large swaths of land in Bangladesh’s northeastern Sylhet division underwater, marking the third wave of flooding in less than a month in the region.

More than 1 million people in the northeastern Bangladesh districts including Sylhet and nearby Sunamganj and Moulvibazar were stranded due to extensive flooding after days of heavy rains, reported Xinhua news agency.

Sheikh Russel Hasan, deputy commissioner, and district magistrate in Sylhet said that the fresh spell of flood triggered by heavy rainfall submerged low-lying areas in parts of the Sylhet region.

“Some 800,000 people in Sylhet district are currently grappling with the third wave of flooding,” he said, adding that tens of thousands of people were left homeless in the low-lying northeastern parts of the country.

According to the official, prolonged torrential rains and runoff from upstream hilly regions on the Indian border caused the main rivers in the region to swell beyond their danger levels.

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Water levels at 90 river stations monitored by the South Asian country’s Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (FFWC) have reportedly marked a rise while 19 stations recorded a fall.

FFWC executive engineer Sardar Udoy Raihan forecasted the flood situation in the Sylhet region will be prolonged as almost the entire country experienced heavy rainfall triggered by active monsoon.

Sylhet reportedly recorded 294 mm of rainfall from 6.00 a.m. Monday through 6.00 a.m. on Tuesday. “If the rainfall increases, the flooding will worsen in Sylhet. It is already raining in Sylhet. The rivers are flowing over their warning levels,” said Deepak Ranjan Das, executive engineer of the Sylhet Water Development Board, according to a media report. Officials said there are so far no known injuries or deaths to have occurred in the districts as a result of the ongoing floods.

Sylhet additional deputy commissioner Mohammad Mubarak Hossain said people are coming to the shelters. They are distributing relief and aid to those affected.

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Millions of people in Bangladesh, criss-crossed by hundreds of rivers, suffer from flooding as the low-lying country experiences seasonal floods every year during the June-September monsoon when rivers that feed into the Bay of Bengal burst their banks.

Last month, flash floods displaced more than 2 million people during two rounds of flooding in the region, affecting hundreds of areas and causing untold suffering to the dwellers.

–IANS

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