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IANS Analysis: Pakistan's military budget expansion amid economic uncertainty

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New Delhi, June 26 (IANS) Pakistani Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb presented the country’s 2024-25 annual federal budget amidst economic uncertainty on June 12. With a total of PKR 18.99 trillion ($ 67.84 billion), the government emphasized several reform measures aimed at meeting International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditions ahead of seeking a new bailout package. While key spending areas saw minor adjustments reflecting IMF directives and economic realities, there was a notable rise in defence spending, potentially diluting efforts to revive the economy in a piecemeal fashion.

The federal government has proposed a substantial PKR 2.12 trillion allocation for the armed forces in the upcoming budget starting July 1. This represents a notable increase of 17.6 per cent from last year’s 15 per cent rise to PKR 1.80 trillion. This also marks the second-largest percentage hike in defence allocations, slightly below the 18 per cent increase during the 2017-18 fiscal year under the previous PML-N government led by Nawaz Sharif.

Despite accounting for 1.7 per cent of the GDP, consistent with the previous year, this figure has sparked debate, with some highlighting it as a sign of military austerity amidst economic challenges, while others argue it marks a significant overall increase of nearly 18 per cent in annual allocations.

The allocation of financial resources within the Pak armed forces reveals that the Pakistan Army receives 47.5 per cent, followed by 21.3 per cent for the Pakistan Air Force, and 10.8 per cent for the Pakistan Navy. Additionally, 20.3 per cent is allocated to Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and associated organizations. This distribution underscores the significant influence of the Pak Army and its affiliated inter-services entities, which collectively control nearly 68 per cent of the financial resources. This allocation also reinforces the Army’s predominant role within the military establishment and its broader impact on government affairs.

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However, the actual allocation to the armed forces exceeds what is officially reported, as certain expenditures are categorized under different budget headings at the insistence of the military establishment, underscoring its significant sway over government decisions. This distinction is evident in how expenses for current servicemen, including salaries and welfare allowances totalling PKR 827 billion (39 per cent of the defence allocation), are included in the defence budget. Meanwhile, financial provisions for pension payments to retired servicemen are sourced from the general national budget rather than the defence allocation. Overall, defence spending surpasses 15 per cent of Pakistan’s total annual budget.

Consequently, Pakistan’s government allocated an additional PKR 662 billion from its current expenditure to cover pension and welfare needs for ex-servicemen. This amount, equivalent to nearly 31 per cent of the annual defence allocation, is not formally included in the armed forces’ budget. This approach may be intentional to obscure the true scope of defence spending and avoid public scrutiny. Combined, expenses for both current and former servicemen total PKR 1,489 billion from the state treasury.

This situation prompts inquiries into the military’s significant influence over Pakistan’s financial resources and, consequently, its influence over daily governance. The military leadership’s demand for government funding is striking, especially considering the extensive economic interests across various sectors maintained by all three branches of the armed forces, led by the Army. Pakistan’s armed forces manage a diverse portfolio of multi-billion-dollar economic enterprises, spanning construction, manufacturing, real estate, telecommunications, shopping complexes, and other sectors.

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Various estimates indicate that Pakistan’s military conglomerate, encompassing entities like the Fauji Foundation, Shaheen Foundation, Bahria Foundation, Army Welfare Trust (Askari group), and Defence Housing Authority (DHA), generates an annual revenue of $26.5 billion as of 2023. According to the Pakistan government’s Senate submission, the Fauji Foundation owns diverse entities such as Askari Bank, Foundation Gas, Seed Multiplication Farm, Fauji Fertilizer, Fauji Cement, Fauji Power, Foundation Securities, Fauji Meat, Fauji Foods, and Overseas Employment Services, along with numerous shopping complexes nationwide.

Despite Pakistan’s economic challenges in recent years, these military enterprises have experienced significant growth. For instance, the assets of the Fauji Foundation alone reportedly surged by 78 per cent between 2015 and 2017, as per Bloomberg.

Likewise, the Shaheen Foundation oversees 21 projects, encompassing FM 100 radio, Shaheen Airport Services, SAPS Aviation College, Shaheen Aerotraders, Shaheen Knitwear, Shaheen Medical Services, Shaheen Insurance, Hawk Advertising, and two shopping complexes in Karachi and Lahore.

Meanwhile, the Bahria Foundation manages eighteen enterprises across Pakistan, including the Bahria Transshipment Hub, Bahria Enterprise Systems and Technologies, Bahria Dredging Company, Maritime Technical & Support Services, Bahria Maritime Services, Bahria Travels, Bahria Pharmacy, Al-Falah Trading Agency, Bahria Filling Stations, and Sino-Pak Refinery.

Additionally, the Army Welfare Trust (AWT), managed by the Pakistan Army as the Askari group, oversees several business ventures such as Askari Insurance, Askari Aviation, Askari Airport Services, Askari Travels, Mobil Pakistan, AWT Investments, Askari Enterprises, Army Welfare Sugar Mills, Askari Guards, Askari Woolen Mills, Askari Shoes, Askari Fuels, and Askari Real Estate. Moreover, the Defence Housing Authority (DHA) has developed eleven residential estates in major Pakistani cities including Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Quetta.

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What sets apart these military enterprises from private and government entities is their exemption from state oversight mechanisms. Parliament rarely scrutinizes the military budget or audits its expenditures. Civilian administrations have consistently faltered in holding the military accountable for its business interests, largely due to deficiencies in the administrative framework.

Exploiting these loopholes, the military has entrenched itself as a parallel authority in politics and economics, operating free from civilian supervision. The compromised political elite, vying to serve as a facade for military-dominated governance, further complicates this dynamic.

Thus, while ostensibly aimed at supporting the welfare of service personnel, the profits earned by the military’s corporate entities benefit shareholders and managers, many of whom are current or retired army officers. Instead of directly enhancing the armed forces’ welfare or easing the state’s economic obligations, these businesses primarily serve the personal financial interests of military leaders. Meanwhile, they continue to receive substantial government funds earmarked for the armed forces’ welfare expenditures.

The Pakistan military’s significant utilization of vital financial resources, both through budgetary allocations and other channels, facilitated by its collaboration with civilian authorities like the Shehbaz Sharif-led PML-N government, severely hampers the country’s economic recovery efforts.

The operational dynamics of the military underscore the urgent need for Islamabad to acknowledge that expanding military budgets pose challenges in defining and limiting the military’s appropriate role in national affairs.

–IANS

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Austrian Chancellor Nehammer calls PM Modi's upcoming Vienna visit 'special honour'

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Vienna, July 6 (IANS) Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer on Saturday labeled Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s upcoming visit to Vienna as a “special honour”, stating that he is eagerly looking forward to it.

PM Modi is scheduled to arrive in Austria, the second leg of his two-nation trip, from Moscow on July 9.

This will be the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Austria in 41 years. During his stay in Vienna, PM Modi will call on Austrian President Alexander Van der Bellen and hold talks with Chancellor Nehammer. Both leaders will also address business leaders from India and Austria.

“I very much look forward to welcoming Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, the world’s largest democracy, next week in Vienna. This visit is a special honour as it marks the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister in over forty years, and a significant milestone as we celebrate 75 years of diplomatic relations with India,” Chancellor Nehammer said on Saturday afternoon.

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“We will have the opportunity to talk about further deepening our bilateral relationship and closer cooperation on the many geopolitical challenges,” he added.

In October 2021, on the sidelines of COP26 in Glasgow, Prime Minister Modi had held discussions with then Austrian Chancellor Alexander Schallenberg who is now the Foreign Minister of the country.

PM Modi is also scheduled to interact with members of the Indian community in Vienna during his visit.

On Friday, Foreign Secretary Vinay Kwatra called Austria an “important central European country” that offers excellent opportunities for bilateral cooperation in infrastructure, renewable energy, high technology areas, start-up sectors, media and entertainment.

He also highlighted the growing India-Austria trade and investment linkages, including the recent launch of an India-Austria start-up bridge in February 2024 that has made a “very promising” start.

“The visit we are confident will allow us to discuss various areas of importance in bilateral engagement, as also issues of regional and global importance of mutual interest, and help broaden the scope of our partnership,” said Foreign Secretary Kwatra.

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India and Austria had also signed a Comprehensive Migration and Mobility Agreement in May last year and continue to work closely to expand and explore new areas of bilateral partnership.

“We’re also looking at what we can do in terms of technology. There are over, I think, 30 to 40 large Austrian companies already present in India in a range of areas from infrastructure, tunneling, track laying. We’ve got a fair amount of investments from India already in Austria. But we want to see how we can take these forward. We want to look at other key areas, clean technologies, renewables. We want to look at different areas where we can try and work together,” said Pavan Kapoor, Secretary (West) at the Ministry of External Affairs.

–IANS

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Xi Jinping congratulates Iran’s Pezeshkian on presidential election win

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Beijing, July 6 (IANS) Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday sent a message to Masoud Pezeshkian, congratulating him on his election as the President of Iran.

In his message, Xi said China and Iran enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges, and bilateral relations have maintained sound and steady development since the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries more than half a century ago.

In the face of the complex regional and international landscapes, China and Iran have always supported each other and stuck together through thick and thin, continuously consolidating strategic mutual trust, steadily promoting exchanges and cooperation in various fields, and maintaining sound communication and coordination on regional and international affairs, which has not only benefited the two peoples, but also made positive contributions to promoting regional and world peace and stability, Xi added.

The Chinese President also said he attaches great importance to the development of China-Iran relations, and is willing to work with Pezeshkian aiming to guide the deepening of the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.

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–IANS

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PM Modi congratulates Keir Starmer, discusses India-UK FTA

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New Delhi, July 6 (IANS) Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday extended an invitation to newly-elected British Prime Minister Keir Starmer for an early visit to India as both leaders agreed to work towards the early conclusion of a mutually beneficial India-UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA).

The two leaders spoke over phone as PM Modi congratulated Starmer on his and Labour Party’s “remarkable victory” in the general elections.

“Pleased to speak with Keir Starmer. Congratulated him on being elected as the Prime Minister of the UK. We remain committed to deepening Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and robust India-UK economic ties for the progress and prosperity of our peoples and global good,” PM Modi posted on X after the call.

Both leaders recalled the historic relations between the two countries and reaffirmed their commitment to further deepen and advance the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between India and the UK.

“Appreciating the positive contributions of the Indian community in the social, economic, and political development of the UK. The two sides agreed to continue to promote close people-to-people ties. Both leaders agreed to remain in touch,” the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) said in a statement.

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–IANS

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Labour govt will reconnect Britain, promises new UK Foreign Secretary

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London, July 6 (IANS) Asserting that “diplomacy matters”, Britain’s new Foreign Secretary David Lammy said on Saturday that the new Labour government will begin with a “reset” with Europe on climate and with the global South.

Outlining his priorities following his appointment, Lammy highlighted that the world is currently facing “huge challenges” with more countries engaged in conflict than at any time since World War II.

“This government will reconnect Britain for our security and prosperity at home. What happens here in the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office is essential.

“Diplomacy matters. We will begin with a reset with Europe, on climate, and with the global South.  And a gear-shift when it comes to delivering on European security, global security, and British growth,” Lammy said in a statement released by the UK Foreign Ministry on Saturday.

The 51-year-old Labour Party politician promised that the new government is determined to deliver for working people and committed to building a better future for everyone.

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“It is the honour of my life to stand before you as Foreign Secretary. A descendant of enslaved people. A black, working-class, man from Tottenham. A community which never produced a Foreign Secretary before. This speaks to what a modern, multicultural Britain can be. Proudly internationalist,” he said.

Lammy also mentioned that Britain has “enormous potential” and that the change has begun now – a slogan with which the Keir Starmer-led party fought the general elections.

–IANS

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Pak's macroeconomic environment was challenging in 2023: Central bank

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Islamabad, July 6 (IANS) Pakistan’s macroeconomic environment in the calendar year 2023 remained challenging amid rising inflation, weak foreign exchange inflows, pressures on external account and local currency, and low business confidence, particularly in the first half, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) said.

However, the policy measures and regulatory interventions that were taken to address growing imbalances coupled with securing a nine-month stand-by agreement from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) helped improve the macroeconomic conditions in the second half of 2023, the SBP said in its financial stability review for 2023, Xinhua news agency reported.

Inflation started falling, economic growth recovered, and the exchange rate stabilised towards the year-end, the central bank said in the report.

Against this backdrop, the financial sector exhibited strong growth and performance, and maintained financial soundness and operational resilience, it added.

The asset base of the financial sector expanded by 27 per cent in 2023, mainly driven by the banking sector, according to the report.

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–IANS

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