National
Dr MS Swaminathan: The man whose vision and work pulled India out of famine
Chennai, March 30 (IANS) Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan, popularly known as Dr MS Swaminathan, was one of the greatest Indian agricultural scientists, whose pioneering research work helped the country move out of a possible famine in the 60s.
Dr MS Swaminathan, who was born on August 7, 1925 at Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, passed away at the age of 98 on September 28, 2023 at Chennai.
Dr MS Swaminathan is considered the Father of India‘s Green Revolution and his research with American agricultural scientist Norman Borlaug in the area of developing pest-resistant wheat varieties led to farmers getting more yield from wheat and rice crops. This helped the country come out of a famine situation.
Dr MS Swaminathan and Norman Borlaug spearheaded a mass movement with farmers and other scientists that helped increase the production of wheat and rice in India.
He was the son of a surgeon and Dr MS Swaminathan’s father wanted him to follow in his footsteps, but he preferred agriculture to medicine. The rest, as they say, is history.
He graduated in Zoology from University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, and got a Bachelor of Agriculture from Madras University in 1944.
The famine of 1943 in which more than 10 lakh people in the Bengal region (present-day Bangladesh and West Bengal) lost their lives had a deep impact on the young Swaminathan and he decided to dedicate his life to improving the country’s farming methods and food grain production.
He joined the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi to focus on plant genetics and breeding and specialised in cytogenetics to help crop improvement.
He did an eight month fellowship from the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for research in combating pests attacking potato farms.
In 1952 he studied at the University of Cambridge and got a Ph.D as a geneticist.
Dr MS Swaminathan did commendable research to modify grains in laboratories to better suit Indian soil, give a higher yield and remain infestation-free.
This led to increased production of wheat and in one year from the time he introduced the new varieties of wheat, its production jumped three-fold.
This increase in production of wheat resulted in farmers taking up the new variety across the country. They also began implementing cross-crop varieties and better irrigation techniques, leading to India becoming the ‘Bread Basket of the World.’
From 1972-1979 Dr MS Swaminathan was the Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and in 1982 he became the Director General of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, the Philippines.
He was the first Asian to hold this post and his work was mainly involved in promotion of participation of women farmers in rice cultivation.
Dr MS Swaminathan was selected as the first World Food Prize Laureate, receiving the award in 1987 and with the prize money he set up the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) in Chennai in 1988.
The foundation works among farmers and promotes and supports new farming initiatives on low cost methods to improve food security.
In 2002, Dr MS Swaminathan was elected President of the Nobel Prize-winning, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.
In 2004, he became the Chairperson of the National Commission on Farmers which was constituted by the Congress-led UPA government to address farmer suicides in the country.
He joined the United Nations Hunger Task Force in 2005 and was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in 2007 by President APJ Abdul Kalam.
He presented the Women Farmers’ Entitlements Bill, 2011 to increase the role of women in farming due to migration of men to the cities.
Dr MS Swaminathan was awarded the Padma Vibushan in 1989 after getting the Padma Bhushan in 1972 and Padma Sri in 1967.
He was the winner of the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1971, Albert Einstein World Award for Science (1986), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Award in 1994.
Dr MS Swaminathan won the Gandhi Gold Medal in 1999 and in the same year he was honoured with the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.
He was conferred civilian awards by France, Cambodia, China and the Philippines and honorary doctorates by 80 universities across the world.
—IANS
aal/rad
National
Defence Ministry: Year 2025 will be year of reforms
On Wednesday, the Defence Ministry announced that 2025 will be designated as the “Year of Reforms,” with a primary focus on establishing integrated theatre commands to enhance collaboration among the three branches of the military.
These reforms are aimed at transforming the armed forces into a technologically advanced, combat-ready force capable of executing multi-domain integrated operations, the ministry stated.
The initiative will emphasize emerging domains such as cyber and space, alongside cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, hypersonics, and robotics.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh described the “Year of Reforms” as a pivotal milestone in the modernization of the armed forces.
“It will set the stage for significant advancements in the nation’s defense capabilities, ensuring the security and sovereignty of India in the face of 21st-century challenges,” he said.
National
A 3.2 magnitude tremor struck Gujarat’s Kutch district on Wednesday morning
A 3.2 magnitude tremor struck Gujarat’s Kutch district on Wednesday morning, according to the Institute of Seismological Research (ISR).
The district administration reported no casualties or property damage following the quake.
The tremor occurred at 10:24 am, with its epicenter located 23 kilometers north-northeast (NNE) of Bhachau, as per the Gandhinagar-based ISR.
Last month, the region experienced four seismic events exceeding a magnitude of 3, including a 3.2 magnitude tremor just three days ago, with its epicenter also near Bhachau.
Earlier tremors in the area included a 3.7 magnitude earthquake on December 23 and a 3.2 magnitude event on December 7, according to ISR reports.
Kutch was also jolted by a 4.0 magnitude earthquake on November 18, 2024. On November 15, a 4.2 magnitude quake hit Patan in north Gujarat, based on ISR data.
Gujarat is considered a high-risk earthquake zone, having experienced nine major earthquakes over the past 200 years, according to the Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA). The 2001 earthquake in Kutch, which occurred on January 26, was the third-largest and second-most destructive in India in the last two centuries, according to the GSDMA.
National
Diljit Dosanjh faces legal action over concert songs
Singer and actor Diljit Dosanjh’s much-anticipated New Year’s Eve concert in Ludhiana faced legal hurdles after a complaint was filed by Punditrao Dharenavar, an assistant professor from Chandigarh.
Following the complaint, the Deputy Director of the Women and Child Department, Government of Punjab, issued a formal notice to Ludhiana’s District Commissioner, urging them to prohibit Dosanjh from performing specific songs during his live show on December 31, 2024.
The notice specifically targets songs accused of promoting alcohol, including Patiala Peg, 5 Tara Theke, and Case (Jeeb Vicho Feem Labbiya), even if the lyrics are slightly modified. The complaint points to previous warnings issued to Dosanjh by various commissions advising against performing these controversial tracks.
Despite these warnings, the singer allegedly continues to perform the songs with minor alterations. Dharenavar raised serious concerns about the influence of such music on young audiences, especially when minors are present at live events.
Adding to the controversy, Dharenavar referenced a 2019 Punjab and Haryana High Court ruling, which directed law enforcement to ensure that songs promoting alcohol, drugs, or violence are not played at public events, including concerts. This ruling underscores the legal basis for the complaint and has further intensified the scrutiny surrounding the event.
National
UP Minister’s convoy overturns, 5 person injured
Five people sustained injuries when a vehicle in the convoy of Uttar Pradesh Minister and Nishad Party chief Sanjay Nishad overturned into a ditch near Januan village in the Khejuri Police Station area of Ballia district late last night.
Sanjay Nishad shared details of the incident, stating that the accident injured five party workers, including four women.
“I was traveling with the convoy to participate in the Constitutional Rights Yatra organized by the party on Tuesday night. Near Januan village in the Khejuri area, one of the vehicles following the convoy lost control while trying to avoid an animal and overturned into a ditch,” Nishad explained.
The injured individuals have been identified as Rakesh Nishad, Ramrati, Usha, Geeta, and Iravati Nishad.
Senior police and administrative officials quickly arrived at the scene following the incident to oversee the situation.
National
Suchir Balaji’s mother alleges Murder
The mother of Suchir Balaji, a 26-year-old former OpenAI researcher found dead after accusing the company of copyright violations, has alleged that her son was “murdered” and called for a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) probe.
Poornima Rao, Suchir’s mother, claimed her son’s death was a “cold-blooded murder” that authorities wrongly ruled as suicide. She further disclosed that a private autopsy report conflicted with the findings of the initial police investigation.
Rao alleged that her son’s apartment had been “ransacked” and cited evidence of a struggle in the bathroom, including bloodstains that suggested he had been assaulted.
“We hired a private investigator and conducted a second autopsy to uncover the truth. The private autopsy does not confirm the cause of death stated by the police. Suchir’s apartment was ransacked, there were signs of a struggle in the bathroom, and it appears he was hit based on blood spots. This is a cold-blooded murder being misclassified as a suicide. Lobbying in San Francisco won’t deter us from seeking justice. We demand an FBI investigation,” Rao wrote on X.
Elon Musk reacted to Rao’s post, commenting, “This doesn’t seem like a suicide.”
Balaji was discovered dead in his San Francisco apartment months after accusing OpenAI of violating copyright laws during the development of ChatGPT, as reported by Fox News. Despite these claims, the San Francisco Police Department found no evidence of foul play and ruled the death a suicide.
On October 24, shortly before his death, Balaji voiced doubts about the “fair use” defense in generative artificial intelligence. “I recently participated in a NYT story about fair use and generative AI, and why I’m skeptical ‘fair use’ would be a plausible defense for a lot of generative AI products,” he wrote on X.
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